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Case Study: Tokenising Real Estate — How a Bulgarian Startup Went Global With Blockchain Property Investment

Contents

Published by Digital One Agency – July 2025

From Sofia to the World: A Real Estate Revolution Built on Blockchain

In early 2023, a forward-thinking Bulgarian startup approached Digital One Agency with a bold vision:

“We want to make real estate investment as easy as buying shares online. Fractional property ownership, blockchain-based, legally compliant — and we want to scale fast.”

Fast forward to mid-2025, and this company—name withheld under NDA—has launched in six countries, facilitated over €74 million in tokenised property sales, and built a global investor community of more than 18,000 wallet holders.

This is the story of how we helped bring their vision to life—with smart legal architecture, bulletproof token infrastructure, and a sleek user experience designed to inspire confidence in first-time investors and family offices alike.


The Problem: Real Estate Investing is Broken for Most People

Traditional real estate investing is gated by:

  • High entry costs
  • Opaque ownership structures
  • Legal and tax complexity across borders
  • Slow liquidity and rigid timelines
  • Limited diversification for everyday investors

For emerging markets like Bulgaria, Romania, and Serbia—where property is booming but foreign capital is cautious—these barriers were even more pronounced.


The Solution: A Fully Tokenised, Compliant Investment Platform

The client set out to tokenise physical real estate assets—from city apartments in Sofia to beachfront villas in Montenegro—and allow investors to buy, hold, and trade digital ownership units via a secure platform.

Each property would be structured via an SPV (Special Purpose Vehicle), and equity or profit-share rights would be embedded in security tokens governed by smart contracts and mapped to national property law.


Platform Architecture

LayerTechnologyDescription
FrontendNext.js + Tailwind + React NativeResponsive web + mobile experience
BackendNode.js, PostgreSQL, NestJSFast, secure and modular
BlockchainPolygon + Ethereum + StellarMulti-chain token support (for legal + liquidity reasons)
Token TypeERC-1400 (Security Token Standard)Legal compliance, dividend rights, transfer restrictions
KYC/AMLSumsub + Chainalysis integrationGlobal onboarding & risk scoring
Legal WrapperSwiss foundation + Bulgarian and Maltese SPVsFlexible and fully compliant
PaymentsStripe, SEPA, USDT, AUDD & fiat gatewayOn/off-ramp for retail & institutional users
Custody & WalletsFireblocks + Web3 wallet (non-custodial)Institutional-grade security
TradingInternal DEX with liquidity pool modelInstant trades, dynamic pricing

Key Features

🏠 Fractional Ownership

Invest from €100 — Own a fraction of a real property with smart contract enforceability, tied to legal shareholding in the SPV.

🌍 Global Access, Local Compliance

Operating in Bulgaria, Romania, Greece, UAE, Montenegro, and now Spain. Each jurisdiction follows local property law via legal subsidiaries.

💸 Automated Dividends

Rental yields and profits flow to token holders via stablecoin payouts (USDT, AUDD, EURC), based on real-time accounting feeds.

🔐 Investor Dashboard

Complete visibility: property metrics, token performance, income history, documents (title deeds, audits), and resale options.

📲 Mobile Wallet + Investor Chat

Real-time alerts, voting rights on property actions, and encrypted investor community threads per asset.

🔁 Secondary Market

24/7 peer-to-peer trading with built-in compliance checks and price floor mechanisms to prevent manipulation.


Regulatory Approach

Jurisdictional clarity was critical.

With support from our legal network in Switzerland, Bulgaria, and Malta, we built a hybrid structure:

  • Swiss non-profit foundation managing tech and smart contracts
  • SPVs registered in each country to legally hold real estate assets
  • Prospectus registered for token issuance under European crowdfunding exemptions
  • Whitelist enforcement to ensure tokens remain in compliant hands

KYC, AML, tax reporting and investor disclosure obligations were baked in by design, not tacked on.


Results: What Success Looks Like

KPI20232025 (YTD)
Countries live1 (Bulgaria)6
Real estate under management€3.2M€74.1M
Registered investors42018,400+
Avg. investment per user€1,900€3,520
Secondary market trades092,000+
Average yield distributedN/A7.6 % p.a.
Cost to deploy new property~€12,000<€1,500 via automation

“Our model now outperforms traditional REITs in both ROI and investor experience. Digital One helped us become the benchmark for tokenised property in Central and Eastern Europe.”
— CTO, [Client name withheld under NDA]


Lessons Learned

  • Start with legal, not code: We front-loaded legal architecture, ensuring compliance before writing smart contracts.
  • Choose the right chains: Polygon gave cheap gas, Stellar provided KYC-friendly flows, and Ethereum added trust.
  • UX wins trust: Beautiful, transparent dashboards converted curious visitors into investors.
  • Liquidity is king: Our internal marketplace + low sell fees meant investors actually used the platform.
  • Think like a fund, not a website: Operational discipline—monthly reporting, audits, community votes—drove loyalty and referrals.

What’s Next

  • Launching a debt product (tokenised property-backed loans)
  • Introducing AI-generated property valuations using local market data
  • Expanding to Latin America via regulatory sandbox in Colombia
  • Exploring Real World Asset (RWA) lending protocols to onboard crypto whales
  • Launching a white-label version for other firms to run their own tokenised funds on the same infrastructure

Want to Build a Global Tokenised Investment Platform?

Whether it’s real estate, solar farms, classic cars or NFTs backed by whiskey barrels—we build legal-first, investor-ready platforms for the future of ownership.

Partner with Digital One Agency and take your fund, startup or platform global.

📞 Call us 24/7 globally: +61 2 9057 9079
📧 Email: contact@digitaloneagency.com.au

Tokenise it once. Monetise it forever.

Smart. Compliant. Scalable. That’s Digital One.

Need Custom AI & RAG Pipelines in Australia or the UK?

Digital One Agency is a senior, founder-led engineering team based in Australia (Gold Coast HQ) with active UK clients in London, Manchester and Edinburgh. We build production RAG pipelines and bespoke AI systems — fine-tuning, vector search, evaluation harnesses included.

  • Free 30-minute discovery call with a senior engineer
  • Fixed-scope quote with milestone billing — no hourly rates
  • AU & UK references on request
  • Bespoke code you own — not a SaaS reseller, not a ChatGPT wrapper

Book your free discovery call → Or send us your project details

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